Know-how: The 8 Skills that Separate People who Perform from Those who Don't by Ram Charan

本書主要是講一個 CEO 應具備什麼條件，並附上大量現實例子。雖然並未能即用，但

The Eight Know-Hows
1. Positioning & Repositioning: Finding a central idea business that meets customer demands and that makes money
2. Pinpointing External Changes: Detecting patterns in a complex world to put the business o the offensive
3. Leading the Social System: Getting the right people together with the right behaviors and the right info to make better, faster decisions and achieve business results
4. Judging Peoples: Calibrating people based on their actions, decisions and behaviors & matching them to the non-negotiable of the job
5. Molding a Team: Getting highly competent, high-ego leaders to coordinate seamlessly
6. Setting Goals: Determining the set of goals that balance what the business can become with what it can realistically achieve
7. Setting Laser-Sharp Priorities: Defining the path & aligning resources, actions & energy to accomplish the goals
8. Dealing with Forces beyond the Market: Anticipating & responding to societal pressures you don’t control but that can affect your business.

Personal traits that can help or interfere with the know-hows
Ambitions – to accomplish something noteworthy BUT NOT win at all costs
Drive & Tenacity – to search, persist & follow through’ BUT NOT hold on too long
Self-confidence – to overcome the fear of failure, fear of response, or the need to be liked and use power judiciously BUT NOT become arrogant and narcissistic
Psychological Openness – to be receptive to new an different ideas AND NOT shut other people down
Realism – to see what can actually be accomplished AND NOT gloss over problems or assume the worst
Appetite for Learning – to continue to grow and improve the know-hows AND NOT repeating the same mistakes.

Cognitive Traits that improve the know-hows
A Wide Range of Altitudes – to transition from the conceptual to the specific
A Broad Cognitive Bandwidth – to take in a broad range of input and see the big picture
Ability to Reframe – to see thins from different perspectives