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Reading for Thursday, June 25

Well, here we go – Tolstoy delves even further into free will. Sadly, having left this since last week, it’s now even harder to pick up the thread, but I’ll do my best.

Basically, he’s talking about how we have this dual tension between seeing that the world is run by immutable laws (assuming that you’ve bought everything he’s said so far) and thus we have no real free will. However, we perceive we have free will . . .

…depending on how much we know about our relation to the external world, time and causes.

1. External World – so if someone grows up in external circumstances (such as you grow up in a rough neighbourhood with drug addict parents), then we’d say you have little free will if you became a criminal. If, however, you grew up in the good part of town – then we’d say you exercised free will in deciding to be a drug pusher.

2. Time – If you committed a crime a long time ago, we can kind of see the events that led to it. If you did it 5 minutes ago, it’d seem completely out of the blue.

3. Causes – if we understand all the events that led to something, we don’t attribute it to free will. If we do, then we are less likely to say someone had a choice about something.

Does all this make sense? What he’s really saying is that, in his view of the world, while it might seem like we have free will at any particular point, or it might look like someone else did, the more we understand about their environment, the more distance from the events, and the more we understand the causes behind things, the more we can explain everything away as being inevitable.

Lughnasa

Tomorrow (August 1^st) is the Celtic harvest festival called Lughnasa (or Lughnasadh).

Mythology

There were four major feasts or festivals in the Celtic Year: Samhain (Nov 1^st), Imbolc (Feb 1^st), Beltain (May 1^st) and Lughnasa (Aug 1^st).

Lughnasa was the feast of the Celtic God of Light, known as Lugh in Ireland and Lleu in Wales. In Ireland, the festival was celebrated for a whole month (usually mid July until mid August).

Lleu appears in the Mabinogion, a collection of Welsh legends, as Lleu Llaw Gyffes, the son of the goddess Arianrhod. He marries Blodeuwedd, a women made from flowers, but she betrays him for her lover Gronw Pebr. They attempt to kill Lleu, but he shapeshifts into an eagle, and the magician Gwydion turns him back into a man.

“Nasa” or “nasadh” means commemoration, and the festival commemorates or mourns the passing of the god-king, and the rebirth of the god-king or sun.

About the festivities

At Lughnasa, tribes would gather together, marriages would be arranged and games and festivities would be held (Lugh is associated with chess, ball games and horse riding). The games would include wrestling, horse riding, dancing and other games and sports which became associated with the festival over the years.

Traditionally, in Ireland, the festivities were held at sites with distinctive natural features, either in high places such as mountains, or beside water features such as wells, springs and lakes, or in locations which had both height and water such as mountain lakes.

In Ireland the festivities have continued in various forms for hundreds of years, and Maire MacNeill’s book on Lughnasa collects folk memories of the Lughnasa feasts from across Ireland.

Harvest Festival

Lughnasa was a harvest festival. In Ireland the festival celebrated gathering in the most important food crop in Ireland: potatoes (although this was originally corn, as potatoes were only introduced to Ireland in the seventeenth century).

In the last few weeks before the new harvest, most households had very little food remaining, and therefore the harvest festival was a joyous celebration of food. Some people believed it was important to eat well on the first day of the feast to ensure being well fed for the rest of the year (just as people today sometimes believe that what you do on New Year’s Eve affects the rest of the year ahead).

Lammas

Lughnasa was added to the Christian calendar by the Anglo Saxons, and named Lammas (which means loaf-mass).

Neo-Pagans

Nowadays, many neo-pagans and Wiccans celebrate the Celtic festivals, as part of the natural cycle of the year.

Rain

Finally, I should mention that according to Maire MacNeill’s book, rain was often associated with the Lughnasa or Lammas feast day of the 1^st of August!

Sources

Sarah Costley and Charles Kightly: A Celtic Book of Days. Thames & Hudson: 1998. Kept in the Welsh Library (Shankland Reading Room in Main Arts Library, College Road) at Bangor University, at shelfmark X/AA 4 COS.

John King: The Celtic Druids’ Year: Seasonal Cycles of the Ancient Celts. Blandford: 1994. Kept in the Welsh Library (Shankland Reading Room in Main Arts Library, College Road) at Bangor University, at shelfmark X/AA 4 KIN.

Maire MacNeill: The Festival of Lughnasa. Oxford: 1962. Kept in the Welsh Library (Shankland Reading Room in Main Arts Library, College Road) at Bangor University, at shelfmark X/DA 97 MAC.

Caitlin Matthews: The Elements of the Celtic Tradition. Element Books: 1989. Kept in the Welsh Library (Shankland Reading Room in Main Arts Library, College Road) at Bangor University, at shelfmark X/AA 4a MAT.

This year’s Man Booker Prize longlist of 13 titles has been announced:

AS Byatt The childrens book

JM Coetzee Summertime

Adam Foulds The quickening maze

Sarah Hall The dead man

Samantha Harvey The wilderness

James Lever Me Cheeta

Hilary Mantel Wolf Hall

Simon Mawer The glass room

Ed O’Loughlin Not untrue and not unkind

James Scudamore Heliopolis

Colm Toibin Brooklyn

William Trevor Love and summer

Sarah Waters The little stranger

Going to Italy without a computer and walking and swimming and getting sun and eating well and breathing good air and seeing the old stone place again and spending five hours solid on the last day in the central natural spring pool at Saturnia does good things to me head…

Creative lines get clarified. Bacolif was an idea that required participation from creative people on an equal basis based on an impossible idea that everyone participating would be capable of sharing a creative vision on a similar uncomplicated level – a kind of Woodstock 40 years on without the helicopters and steel bands.

It was not for me or anyone to organise it or them but for us to organise a get-together together…I think this is impossible..Better to say the idea is dead now early, than to let it fall about later like some drunk in a midnight choir…

So the idea as it was or is, is free for all to use and take and develop..I’ve got some writing to do

I realized that some people might wonder about my links on the sidebar, since they seem somewhat random.

I have been writing seriously for around 6 years now, and for about 5 1/2 of those years I was waaayyy uninformed. As in, I thought that you have to pay a literary agent up front, that you can query most publishers without having an agent, and that “query” means “send the whole manuscript.” I didn’t take writing courses or classes, I thought poetry could be written however I wanted it, and that self-publishing was a good way to start a career as a writer.

Boy, was I wrong. I fairly recently discovered that literary agents – who, by the way, are much more human than people might think they are – don’t charge up front fees if they’re legit, they really do love the work they represent, and some of them even write blogs.

It is these enlightening blogs, like Miss Snark, Janet Reid’s blogs, and BookEnds, LLC that have taught me a LOT about the world of publishing. And instead of being totally discouraging, I actually feel for the first time since I’ve started writing that I can actually become a published author, if my stuff is good enough. And I can always improve, so if I work hard, one day it will be good enough. No question.

If you are a writer, I highly suggest that you read this blogs, and more. These agents really should be paid for all the valuable advice they’ve given to “nitwits (Miss Snark)” like us.

>>africanstardust

Hi All,

As promised, here is a sample of the books that will be released into the streets of Edinburgh on the 15th August. This is only a sample as we have had over 600 books donated to the project. Here’s a preview:

BBC Music Magazine – Top 1000 CD’s Guide

Cooking and Eating Around the World

Women in Love – D.H. Lawrence

Icon – Frederick Forsyth

Principal Drugs – S.J  Hopkins

Chinese Horoscopes – Barry Fantoni

Streets of Fire – Soledad Santiago

The Bourne Ultimatum – Robert Ludlum

Death of an Expert Witness – P.D. James

There’s no one like you snoopy – Charles M. Schulz

A Dad at Last – Marie Ferrarella

Lizzie & Indian Summer – Louise Bindley

Familiar Lullaby – Caroline Burns

Enjoying Music – Jean Richardson

Baby and Child Care – Dr. Benjamin Spock

Breaking Gglass – Eric Lennon

Simple Starters – Andrew and Anne Jackson

Our revel emotions – Bernard Mobs

Meteor – Edmund H. North

The Hours – Michael Cunningham

Ghost Dance – Mark T. Sullivan

The Round Tower – Catherine Gookson

Principles of medicine and medical nursing – J.C. Houston

Spore 7 – Clancy Carlie

7 Sam – Richard Cox

Kill-a-louse-week – Susan Gregory

The Night Manhattan Burned – Basil Jackson

UFO – Robert Chapman

A pocketful of E’s – Michael Barry

Fade-Out – Patrick Tilley

School Stories – Elinor Brent Dyer 

Woman in the Mirror – Caryn Franklin

Centurions and Sinners – Anthea Cousins

A history of the world in 10 ½ chapters – Julian Barnes

The Nest – Gregory Douglas

Damien Omen 2 – Joseph Howard

Heartbreaker – Judy Garland

 Sf.22 – Kenneth Bulmer

Things we knew were true – Nicci Gerard 

Laws and Disorders – Richard Death

Thesaurus – Collins

The mind – Anthony Smith

Medicine – J.C. Houston

Guide to the Internet – Carol Vorderman

Jessie Gray – Emma Blair

Playing with Cobras – Craig Thomas

The Woman in White – Wilkie Collins

The Chronicles of Narnia – C.S. Lewis

Warlord of Mars – Edgar Rice Burroughs

E-mail, a love story – Stephanie D. Fletcher

Wedding Etiquette – Angela Lansbury

 Picture This – Lizzie McGuire

Garden Ideas

Confessions of a Good Arab – Yoram Kaniuk  

Ascendant thought – Dotty McAuliffe

Unspeakable acts – Simon Bond

A history for today – Anne Frank

Zoom into better photos – Steve Bavister

Cross stitch castles & cottages – Jane Greenoff

Between the Sheets – James Pond

 Yoga – Mary Stewart   

The Brown of the Gallowgate – Doris Davidson

Just for One – Katharine Blakemore

X-files Confidential – Ted Edwards

The Wildest Dream – Leni Gillman

Rainbow Warrior – François Pienaar

Headaches and Migraine – Leon Chaitow

The Black Death – John Marr

Whispers in the Village – Rebecca Shaw

Crime and Punishment – Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Number One – Leslie Waller

Book of Aircraft – Roy Braybrook

The Voice of the Night – Dean R. Koontz

A Complicated Woman – Sheelagh Kelly

Emma – Jane Austen

The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon – Stephen King

253 – Geoff Ryman

As  before – if you find a book, enjoy it, visit the site and pass it on!

Happy Reading!

** – I wasn’t convinced

Shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1993, Caryl Phillips fifth novel is one which ticks all the postcolonial boxes but fails to suck the reader in. No pun intended.

The book is separated into three sections, each telling the tale of an individual in someway travelling from their home country into the unknown, but spiritually bound together by their African ‘brotherhood’. So from the very outset we have postcolonial conspicuous micronarratives and a cheesy sense of holy familial ties – check.

The novel also hosts the quintessential ignorant-but-rich land owner, who fails to fully grasp the multi-faceted, more sensitive slave and native people of Africa. Throughout his account we find ample evidence of the postcolonial exotic other, check.

Stories within the book gravitate towards the moral that you can never go back to a pre-colonial era, an age of innocence or a place of childhood. Instead, characters must rough it out abroad – crossing the river to and from Africa – or die trying. There are diary entries of a sea adventurer who seems determined to travel whilst chucking half his slave cargo, dying of heartbreak or malaria or swine flu, over the side. So we have ample evidence of a depressing conclusion that fails to dwell on any possible positive outcome of our postcolonial age, check check.

In the final narrative the characters seem to gather increasingly multisided personalities. We meet Joyce, the book’s most feisty personality, who marries a shop owner in a much later WWII era and appears to rise to the challenge of going it alone. But even she is beaten by her husband in scenes akin to a diasporic Eastenders and the affair she has with a black soldier ends in heartbreak as he dies and she is forced to give up her baby.

Other critics, including that wonderful source of insight Wikipedia, have read Crossing the River as an optimistic novel which ends is showing that the African who crosses the river can, eventually, find a place on the other side. But, for me, Phillip’s fifth text still resounds with the overwhelmingly sentimental tone of ‘oh dearism’.

For a more rounded postcolonial novel which covers the issues of home, diasporas and nation with modern voices, read The Shadow Lines by Amitav Ghosh. It’s set in India but faces many of the same issues as Caryl Phillips.

Crossing the River holds a bitter irony in its title. Its lack of interesting voices, intriguing situations and solid appeal ensured that now I’ve read the book there’s little chance of me crossing any bridges to go back to it again.

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